When we think of fossils, we often picture rocks, bones, or ancient shells buried underground. But did you know some plants we see today have been around since the time of dinosaurs—and they're still alive and growing?

These are called "living fossil plants." They've changed very little over millions of years and continue to survive in modern times. Let's uncover what makes them so special, where they come from, and why scientists find them so fascinating.

What exactly is a "living fossil plant"?

A living fossil plant is a species that has remained almost unchanged for tens of millions of years. These plants once had many relatives, but most of those went extinct, leaving only a few species still standing today. They offer us a rare, living glimpse into Earth's deep biological past. Scientists consider these plants biological time capsules—proof of how life can survive dramatic changes in climate, environment, and evolution.

Ginkgo: the most famous example

One of the best-known living fossil plants is the Ginkgo biloba, often called the ginkgo tree. This fan-leafed tree can be found on city streets today, but it first appeared over 200 million years ago, during the time of the dinosaurs. Fossil records show that ancient ginkgo trees looked almost identical to the ones we see now. Though it once had many relatives, Ginkgo biloba is the only species left in its family. It's hardy, pollution-resistant, and incredibly long-lived—some trees live for over a thousand years!

Wollemi pine: a prehistoric surprise

Another amazing discovery is the Wollemi pine, found in Australia in 1994. Scientists had only seen it in fossil records dating back more than 90 million years, and they thought it was extinct—until hikers discovered a small grove of these trees in a remote canyon. It was like finding a dinosaur still walking around today! Since then, Wollemi pines have been carefully protected and are now grown in botanical gardens around the world.

Cycads: plants with ancient roots

Cycads are palm-like plants that look like they belong in a Jurassic Park movie. These ancient plants were once common during the age of dinosaurs. Although many species have disappeared, around 300 still survive today in tropical and subtropical areas. Cycads grow slowly, live long, and are known for their strong, tough leaves and cone-like flowers. They may not be flashy, but they've stood the test of time for over 250 million years!

Why do they survive while others don't?

Living fossil plants often thrive in stable environments—places that haven't changed much for millions of years. They usually grow slowly and have natural resistance to disease, drought, and pests. These traits helped them survive ice ages, heat waves, and even mass extinctions that wiped out many other species. Their ability to "stay the same" has actually been a big advantage.

What can we learn from them?

Studying living fossil plants helps scientists understand how life on Earth has adapted and evolved. According to Dr. Peter Crane, a well-known botanist and expert on plant evolution, "Living fossils are windows into the distant past. They help us learn about Earth's history, climate patterns, and the resilience of life."

These plants also have medical and ecological value. Ginkgo, for example, has been studied for its potential benefits in improving memory and circulation. Meanwhile, preserving these ancient species supports biodiversity and reminds us how precious and rare some life forms are.

Protecting these ancient survivors

Unfortunately, many living fossil plants are now endangered due to habitat loss, pollution, or illegal harvesting. Conservation programs around the world are working to grow and protect these plants—in botanical gardens, national parks, and research centers. Our generation plays a key role in making sure these rare green treasures don't vanish forever.

Have you seen a living fossil plant?

Have you walked past a ginkgo tree without realizing it was older than some dinosaurs? Have you ever spotted a cycad in a tropical garden or visited a botanical center with ancient species? If so, you've had a close-up view of Earth's living history.

Share your experience with us—or tell us which living fossil plant you'd love to see in person. Nature's oldest survivors are still with us, and they deserve a moment of wonder and care.